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 Hermitage |
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| Hermitage
I'd
like to tell you about the Hermitage Gallery, one of the largest and well known
museums in the world. Two months ago together with my classmates I was on an
exersion in S. Petersburg. I visited many places of interest including the
Hermitage Gallery.I was greatly impressed by visiting this museum of art. It
was founded in 1764 by Ecatherine the Second when she bought 225 pictures in
Berlin . Now the Hermitage consists of five buildings.
Now
I'd like to tell you about pictures, sculptures and other works of art I've
seen in the Hermitage Gallery. A great number of wonderful pictures are offered
there. Everyone can find some kind of pictures to enjoy, for example the
pictures by the world's greatest masters: Michelangelo, Raphael, Rembrands,
Rubens and many others. All great schools of paintings are represented
there:Italian, Spanish, German etc.
A
few words about sculptures. I saw a lot of vases, staues and fountains. |
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| Street Art |
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| Street Art
New
Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway
trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names
and slogans were seen as unsightly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking
to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s,
most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal
and punishable by fines.
Since
those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the
subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of
'street art' and you get graffiti in places where you wouldn't expect to - in
advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal's
official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art
and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its
galleries. |
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| Polenov |
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| Polenov
Polenov
Victor Dmitriyevich (1844 - 1927)
V.D.
Polenov, a fine landscape painter, a scene painter and a teacher was closely
connected with the Society of Travelling Art Exhibitions. He desplayed his
works at the travelling exhibitions for many years.
He
studied at Petersburg University and at the same time attended academic classes
and graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1872. A many-sided artist he was
interested in historical and commonplace subjects, but landscapes were
particularly important in his work, playing a major role in all his compositions.
Polenov's services in the sphere of landscape-painting were considerable, he
helped to develope a national landscape that was both rich in content and
lyrical. His lyrical landscapes attract by their delicate play of light,
feeling of air, their well-thought-out compositions.
He
attached special significance to the depiction of light, colour and air. |
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| Art |
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| Art
One
can distinguish two branches of human work: the arts and the sciences. The
sciences require knowledge, observation, identification, description,
experimentation and theoretical explanation.
The
arts on the contrary require skill. That means the ability to work well with a
part of his or her body. It is the combination of talent and technique. An
artist is a man who can do something well with his own hands and tools. Some
time ago everything that was made with tools was "artificial", not
natural. The word "manufacture", for example, once meant "to make
by hand"
Everything
is a bit different nowadays. The word "art" has a special meaning. It
means something beautiful. The paintings of skilled painters are appreciated
and admired by millions of people today, by those who can see the beauty. Art
comprises weaving rugs, tapestries, ceramic work. So there are a lot of types
of art. Nevertheless one can trace basic principles in art. |
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| The Renaissance. Thomas More |
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| The Renaissance. Thomas More
The
Renaissance or the revival of learning was the period then European culture was
at it's high. It lasted from the 14'th century till 17'th century, and was
coursed by complex economic situation and social conditions. The feudal system
was been shuttled by the bourgeoisie, which was getting stronger and stronger.
It was more profitable width=100% to unite under a single ruler. Absolute
monarchy came into being. This lead to the forming of nations and the true
sense of the world. New social and economic conditions called for the new
ideology, because the catholic dogmas didn't correspond to the new trend of
life. For this reason in many European countries the protestant religion spread
up and national churches were established.
Instead
of the blind face ordered by the catholic then appeared a new outlook which was
called humanism. |
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| Usinsk |
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| Usinsk
We live in Usinsk. It's a small town
with the population of about 60 thousand people situated near the river Usa in
the north-east of the Komi Republic. Usinsk is young it was founded in 1975. It
is a multinational town, the people of many nationalities live here - the
Russians, the Ukranians, the Tatars, the Komis, the Bashkirs and so on. The
climate is severe, the winter is cold and long it lasts for 6-8 months, the
spring and the summer are short and cool. Usinsk district is rich in oil, so
they get oil here.
There are many industrial
enterprises in it connected with oil extraction, they are , and others. There
are some joint - ventures such as , , and others where the specialists from
Canada, the USA, Great Britain, France work.
In autumn 1994 our Usinsk became
world - known as the town where the greatest ecological catastrophy took place. |
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| V.A. Tropinin |
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| V.A. Tropinin
V.A. Tropinin (1776-1857)
Tropinin
is one of the greatest masters of the Russian portrait. Tropinin was bora in
the village of Karpovka in Novgorod province in a family of serfs. Tropinin's
work is democratic and progressive. He is one of the most original and charming
figures in the history of Russian art. His biography is an unusual one. Up to
the age of 47. he was one of Count Morkov's serfs. According to the whims of
his owner he worked in succession as a butler, a pastry cook and manager of the
count's estate in the Ukraine. It was with great difficulty that he entered the
Academy of Arts in Petersburg. He studied 'in Shchukin's class in 1798 - 1804.
Forced to interrupt^ his studies at the Academy. Tropinin developed his skill
independently, constantly painting from life. He reveals a poetic attitude to
the world. The portrait studies of the count's children, the Morkov brothers
and Natalia Morkova, show a light tonality. |
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| The Society of Travelling Art Exhibitions |
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| The Society of
Travelling Art Exhibitions
On
November 2, 1870 a powerful democratic union of artists independent of the
Academy of Arts came into being. It was called the Society of Travelling Art
Exhibitions formed on the initiative of Myasoedov, Perov, Kramskoi and Gay. Its
first exhibition was held on the 29 of November 1871 in St.Petersburg and came
to Moscow on the 18 of April 1872. It was a tremendous success. Such famous
nowadays pictures as "Rooks Have Come" by Savrasov, "Peter the
Great Interrogating His Son" by Gay, "Hunters at Rest" by Perov
were on display. They turned out to be masterpieces. The Society of Travelling
Art Exhibitions existed till 1923. the well-known writer Saltikov-Shchedrin
wrote a book about the members of the society. It was a unique organization, it
brought together a great number of excellent masters who later made up the bulk
of the Russian school of art. |
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| Decembrists in Zabaikalye |
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| Decembrists in
Zabaikalye
The history of our town is
inseparable from the uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg of December
14, 1825.
The participants of the uprising,
who could not reconcile themselves to the existing order, denounced it and
challenged the Tsar in an armed revolt. This event vent down in history as the
Decembrists Uprising and became a landmark in the history of the country. The
Decembrists' Uprising failed. More than a hundred officers were sentenced to
different terms of exile. Many of the Decembrists were exiled to Chita. The
first group of twelve convicts arrived in Chita in June 1827. The life of the
Decembrists in Chita was hard.
Sometimes the authorities made them
do senseless work. A small bridge near the Puppet Theatre in Chita has a gloomy
history. |
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| Arkhangelsk |
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| Arkhangelsk
I
was born and spent all my life in my native city - Archangel. Archangel is the
administrative, industrial and cultural center of Archangel region. It is
situated on the banks of the Northern Dvina, not far from the place, where
river flows into the White Sea.
If you want to have a better look of
Archangel you need to start sightseeing from Pur-Navolok, the place, where in
1584 the city was founded by the order of Russian Tzar Ivan the Terrible.
The original name of the town was
"Новые Холмогоры" and it's present name dates
back to 1613 and it is connected with the name of the Archangel Michael
Monastery, which stood on the place, where Drama Theatre is now situated. In
17-th century Archangel became the major center of Russian northern trade with
foreign countries, a great sea and river port on the Northern Dvina.
The oldest building in Archangel is
Gostiny Dvor, dating back to 1684. |
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| Chita |
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| Chita
It is generally accepted that Chita
was founded in 1653, though this date is being disputed nowadays. The town was
founded at the confluence of the Chita and the Ingoda rivers. Its position on
the way to the Pacific Ocean was profitable and favored the development of the
town. In the history of our country Chita was known as the centre of the former
Far Eastern Republic. The Chita Region was founded on the 26th of September,
1937 and Chita become its administrative centre. Today Chita with its
population of 379000 (1991) is a big administrative, industrial and cultural
centre consisting of 4 districts.
Heavy and light engineering is well
developed here. They are represented by such enterprises as machine building
plant, a machine tool plant, an automobile works, a brick works, a footwear
factory, a locomotive repair plant and so on. Many of them underwent
transformation into joint-stock companies. The transport system is highly
developed in our region. |
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| The history of Manhattan |
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| The history of
Manhattan
The Dutch were the first Europeans
to settle Manhattan. To protect themselves from attacs, they built a sturdy
wooden wall.
Although it`s now long gone, this
wall gave it`s name to a street in Lower Manhattan and the street, in turn,
became synonymous with American capitalism. The street, of course, is Wall
Street. The New York Stock Exchange and the American Stokc Exchange are both in
the Wall Street area. So are many stokc brokers, investment blanks and others
bank, and headquarters of many large corporations.
To escape the commotion of Wall
Street you can visit the nearby South Street Seaport, an open area of low
buildings on the East River. In addition to many shops and restaraunts, the
seaport has a museum.
Two good ways to get the larger
picture of New York are to circle it in a bout and to hover over it in
helicopter. In the financial district, thogh, there`s anouther way to see New
York. |
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| Achievements of our country |
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| Achievements of our country
The
great achievement of Russia is a political system. Russia is a parliamentary
republic. Head of state in the country is the president. The government
consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The president
controls each of them.
The
legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two
chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma.
I
can be proud and of our Austronautics and, certainly, Constantine Eduardovich
Tsiolkovsky, the founder of austronautics. He had given an idea about space
travel. A popular report on this subject was first published in 1895.
Tsiolkovsky's idea of a spaceship was based on the use of liquid fuels.
Tsiolkovsky published several works dealing with the mathematical theory of
rocket fly. Calculations made by Tsiolkovsky are used in the theory of
cosmonautics and practical guided missile flights. |
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| US Federal judicial system |
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| US Federal judicial
system
Establishment of the Federal
judicial system and the setting of the balance between the Federal and the
local judicial branches of power. Nowdays many things that the First Judiciary
Act required have been swept aside.
Establishment of the Federal
judicial system and the setting of the balance between the Federal and the local judicial branches of
power
With the Judiciary Act of 1789,
Congress first implemented the constitutional provision that “the judicial
power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such
inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. |
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| Аграрне право України |
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| Аграрне право України
Одеський
державний університет
Одеса
2005
Вступ
Україна
-- одна з найбагатших держав світу на благодатну землю сільськогосподарського
призначення. Сільське господарство України характеризується певними
суспільними, політичними, економічними, управлінськими, майновими, трудовими,
соціальними відносинами, які регулюються нормами Конституції України, законами,
підзаконними та локально-правовими актами. Україна має власну аграрну політику,
аграрну економіку та аграрне право.
Аграрне
право є галуззю права України, становить складову і невід'ємну частину правової
системи України. Як галузь права воно характеризується власним предметом,
принципами і методами правового регулювання. |
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| Діяльність уряду України в галузі екології |
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| Діяльність уряду України в галузі екології
Положення
про діяльність Мінекобезпеки України
Міністерство
охорони навколишнього природнього середовища та ядерної безпеки (Мінекобезпеки)
України організовує свою діяльність відповідно до Положення про Міністерство,
затвердженого Указом Президента України від 10 лютого 1995 року.
Основними
завданнями Мінекобезпеки є:
проведення
державної екологічної, науково-технічної та економічної політики, спрямованої
на збереження та відтворення безпечного для існування живої та неживої природи
навколишнього середовища;
забезпечення
безпеки функціонування та розвитку ядерного комплексу в мирних цілях, захист
життя і здоров'я населення від негативного впливу, зумовленого забрудненням
навколишнього природного середовища;
досягнення
стійкого соціально-економічного розвитку та гармонійної взаємодії суспільства і
природи, захист екологічних інтересів України. |
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| The English year |
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| The English year
The
are four seasons in the year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The winter
months in Great Britain are November, December, January and February. The
winter months are cold. In Great Britain in winter it snows and rains.
November, There 30 days in November. It is the first winter month in Britain.
In November there is a great holiday in America - Thanksgiving Day. Families
come together for the day. They decorate the houses with autumn's fruts and
flowers and eat traditional American food: roast turkey and pumpkin pie.
December.
There are 31 days in December. On
the 25th of December there is the greatest holiday of all in England -
Christmas or X-mas. People give each other presents and send Christmas cards.
Pupils have their Christmas holidays. Most of the banks, offices and industrial
enterprises close for holidays too. The traditional English dinner on Christmas
Day is roast turkey and Christmas pudding. The Queen's speech is on television
at 3. |
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| The map of England |
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| The map of England
The
British Isles are situated to the west of the continent of Europe. The British
Isles consist of two large islands-Great Britain and Ireland - and a number of
small ones. The island of Great Britain together with the small islands around
it and the north-eastern part of Ireland constitute the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland that is more often called Great Britain or just
England.
The
territory of the United Kingdom is 244,000 sq. kms with a population of 50
million.
Great
Britain is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the English
Channel and the Straits of Dover, which is only 33 kms wide in its narrowest
part. In the west the British Isles are washed by the Atlantic Ocean.
South-eastern
Britain is a lowland country, which stretches up north to the foot of the
Pennine mountains. The Pennines, which are much the same height as the Crimean
mountains, run almost along the middle of north England. |
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| English character |
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| English character
Foreigners have many ideas about
what the English like. For example, some people say the English are always cold
and reserved, this means that they don't talk much to strangers, and don't show
much emotion. A reserved person never tells you anything about himself. But the
people of the North and West of Britain are much less reserved than those of
the South and East. Some believe the English eat porridge for breakfast and
read The Times every day. Many Australians believe that the English always
whine and call them "whining poms". The Welsh, Scottish and Irish also
have a thing or two to say about what they think the English are like with
reference to the British Empire. And, of course, the English themselves have
plenty of ideas about what they are, such as being proud of having one of the
oldest parliament in the world.
English people are famous for their
habit of politeness. |
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| Dickens - David Copperfield |
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| Dickens - David
Copperfield
TheAuthor
Charles Dickens was born at
Portsmouth on 7February 1812, the second of eight children. Dickens’
childhoodexperiences were similar to those depicted in David Copperfield. His
father, whowas a government clerk, was imprisoned for dept and Dickens was
brieяy sent towork in a blacking warehouse at the age of twelve. He received
little formaleducation, but taught himself shorthand and became a reporter of
parliamentarydebates for the Morning Chronicle. He began to publish sketches in
variousperiodicals, which were subsequently republished as Sketches by Boz,
ThePickwick Papers were published in 1836-37 and after a slow start became
apublishing phenomenon and Dickens’ characters the centre of popular cult.Part
of the secret of his success was the method of cheap serial publicationwhich
Dickens used for all his novels. He began Oliver Twist in 1837, followedby
Nicholas Nickleby (1838) and The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-41). |
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Анекдот
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3 октября следственная группа Генпрокуратуры провела обыски в загородном
бизнес-клубе ЮКОСа, расположенном в подмосковном поселке Жуковка,
строение 88. Следователи, в частности, провели обыск в рабочем помещении
депутата Госдумы Владимира Дубова, который является одним из акционеров
нефтяной компании, и изъяли сервер ЮКОСа - аппарат размером с
двустворчатый шкаф, весом почти в тонну.
http://www.kp.ru/online/news/6728/ |
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